Experimental and theoretical study of oxygen vacancy induced La-doped mesoporous TiO2 for enhanced thermal stability

We report a facile synthesis of mesoporous TiO2 with large specific surface area and rich oxygen vacancies using La-doped through high-temperature annealing. Such integration unique structure provides effective carrier transport increased active sites. The effects lanthanum on were studied experimentally theoretical calculations performed. Thermal treatment was conducted at temperatures ranging from 350 to 900 °C. x-ray diffraction analyses confirm that the formation anatase remains stable until 650 °C for pure 850 La doped sample. It noted there phase transformation rutile an increase in temperature. Morphological analysis confirmed covering mesospheres. Elemental confirms presence composition concentration. density functional theory reveal vacancy heavily alters electronic TiO2. distance between shown play important role altering bandgap When near vacancy, larger than all models. Lanthanum, when away leads lowest among